PATOLOGI EKSEKUSI KURIKULUM NASIONAL: TINJAUAN SISTEMATIS KESIAPAN SEKOLAH (KTSP - KURIKULUM MERDEKA)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54314/wmr5rj71Keywords:
Policy Pathology, School Readiness, Emancipated Curriculum, Curriculum Implementation.Abstract
Abstract: Education is a crucial foundation for development, yet system reforms are frequently impeded by the gap between policy theory and practical reality. This study presents a systematic review of national educational curriculum execution pathology, focusing on the transition from the School-Based Curriculum (KTSP) to the Emancipated Curriculum (Kurikulum Merdeka) in Indonesia. The primary issue explored is the structural, regulatory, and cultural gap between central government policy design and grassroots school ecosystem readiness. Utilizing a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) based on PRISMA 2020 guidelines, analysis was conducted on indexed international literature published between 2019 and 2026. Results reveal that curriculum implementation failures are frequently rooted in "policy pathology," where radical pedagogical shifts are not proportionally balanced with capacity building and infrastructure. Findings specifically indicate dual-policy fatigue, pedagogical distortion burdening educators with complex administrative tasks (like designing Teaching Modules and diagnostic assessments), weak instructional leadership, and resource disparities between urban and rural schools. Ultimately, this paper proposes adapting the Integrated Curriculum Implementation Model (IDCI) centered on four main subsystems: long-term regulatory stability, curriculum content alignment, organic peer collaboration, and supportive school ecosystems to bridge the curriculum implementation gap.
Keywords: Policy Pathology, School Readiness, Emancipated Curriculum, Curriculum Implementation.
Abstrak: Pendidikan merupakan fondasi krusial bagi peradaban, namun reformasi sistemnya sering terhambat oleh kesenjangan antara teori kebijakan dan realitas di lapangan. Penelitian ini menyajikan tinjauan sistematis mengenai patologi eksekusi kebijakan kurikulum pendidikan nasional, berfokus pada transisi dari Kurikulum Tingkat Satuan Pendidikan (KTSP) hingga Kurikulum Merdeka di Indonesia. Masalah utamanya adalah kesenjangan struktural, regulasi, dan kultural antara desain kebijakan pemerintah pusat dan kesiapan ekosistem sekolah di akar rumput. Menggunakan pendekatan Systematic Literature Review (SLR) berdasarkan pedoman PRISMA 2020, analisis dilakukan terhadap literatur internasional terindeks terbitan 2019-2026. Hasil analisis mengungkap bahwa kegagalan implementasi sering berakar pada "patologi kebijakan", di mana pergeseran paradigma pedagogis radikal tidak diimbangi peningkatan kapasitas sumber daya manusia dan infrastruktur secara proporsional. Temuan menunjukkan adanya kelelahan kebijakan ganda (dual-policy fatigue), distorsi pedagogis yang membebani tenaga pendidik dengan administrasi kompleks (seperti penyusunan Modul Ajar dan asesmen diagnostik), kelemahan kepemimpinan instruksional, serta disparitas sumber daya sekolah urban dan rural. Tulisan ini mengusulkan adaptasi Model Implementasi Kurikulum Terintegrasi (IDCI) yang berpusat pada empat pilar: stabilitas regulasi, keselarasan konten kurikulum, kolaborasi sejawat organik, dan ekosistem sekolah suportif untuk menjembatani kesenjangan implementasi kurikulum.
Kata Kunci: Patologi Kebijakan, Kesiapan Sekolah, Kurikulum Merdeka, Implementasi Kurikulum.
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