PERAN OLIGARKI DALAM PROYEK PANTAI INDAH INDAH KAPUK 2 (PIK 2) DAN KERUGIAN YANG DIALAMI NEGARA INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54314/jssr.v9i2.6050Keywords:
Dampak Sosial dan Ekonomi, Kerugian Fiskal, Oligarki, Pantai Indah Kapuk 2, Proyek InfrastrukturAbstract
Abstract: This study examines the role of oligarchy in the Pantai Indah Kapuk 2 (PIK 2) project and the economic impacts arising from the mismatch between policy and its implementation in practice. PIK 2 is a large scale urban development project designed to increase regional revenue through property taxes and development contributions. However the planning and permitting processes are dominated by oligarchic networks that control a significant portion of the land and receive special permits as well as subsidized financing. The study finds that land rezoning increases market value in an artificial manner. Most of the gains are transferred to oligarchic landowners through low royalty mechanisms. In addition fiscal subsidies in the form of soft loans increase the fiscal burden on the state. By analyzing financing mechanisms rezoning practices and the resulting fiscal losses this study highlights the inconsistency between policy rhetoric on transparency and sustainability and the realities in practice. This condition leads to economic losses for the state and social impacts on surrounding communities. The study also provides policy recommendations to improve the management of PPP projects in Indonesia. These recommendations include reforming royalty mechanisms and implementing higher land value taxation.
Keywords: Oligarchy, Pantai Indah Kapuk 2, Fiscal Losses, Social and Economic Impacts, Infrastructure Projects
Abstrak: Penelitian ini mengkaji peran oligarki dalam proyek Pantai Indah Kapuk 2 (PIK 2) serta dampak ekonomi yang timbul akibat ketidaksesuaian antara kebijakan dan praktik di lapangan. PIK 2 merupakan proyek pengembangan kawasan perkotaan berskala besar yang dirancang untuk meningkatkan pendapatan daerah melalui pajak properti dan kontribusi pembangunan. Namun proses perencanaan dan perizinan proyek ini didominasi oleh jaringan oligarki yang menguasai sebagian besar lahan serta memperoleh izin khusus dan pembiayaan bersubsidi. Penelitian ini mengidentifikasi bahwa rezoning lahan meningkatkan nilai pasar tanah secara artifisial. Sebagian besar keuntungan tersebut dialihkan kepada pemilik oligarki melalui mekanisme royalti yang rendah. Selain itu subsidi fiskal dalam bentuk pinjaman lunak turut memperbesar beban fiskal negara. Melalui analisis terhadap mekanisme pembiayaan rezoning serta kerugian fiskal yang timbul penelitian ini menyoroti adanya ketidaksesuaian antara retorika kebijakan mengenai transparansi dan keberlanjutan dengan realitas di lapangan. Kondisi ini mengakibatkan kerugian ekonomi bagi negara serta dampak sosial bagi masyarakat sekitar. Penelitian ini juga memberikan rekomendasi kebijakan untuk memperbaiki pengelolaan proyek PPP di Indonesia. Rekomendasi tersebut mencakup reformasi mekanisme royalti dan penerapan pajak nilai tanah yang lebih tinggi.
Kata Kunci: Dampak Sosial dan Ekonomi, Kerugian Fiskal, Oligarki, Pantai Indah Kapuk 2, Proyek Infrastruktur
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