MODEL PENGEMBANGAN KAWASAN KONSERVASI PERAIRAN ANGSANA DAN SUNGAI LOBAN BERBASIS SOSIO-EKOLOGIS DI KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

Authors

  • Eko Prio Raharjo Universitas Terbuka
  • Kasful Anwar Universitas Terbuka
  • Sherly Ridhowati Nata Imam Universitas Sriwijaya

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54314/jssr.v9i3.6659

Keywords:

Marine Protected Areas, socio-ecological system, SEM-PLS, anthropogenic pressure, institutional management, sustainable economy

Abstract

Abstract: This study aims to develop an effective and sustainable management model for Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) based on a socio-ecological system by positioning coastal community participation as a mediating variable. The research was conducted in the Angsana and Sungai Loban coastal areas, Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan, Indonesia. A quantitative approach was employed using Structural Equation Modeling based on Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). The variables analyzed include institutional management, anthropogenic pressure, community participation, ecological conditions, and sustainable economy. The results indicate that institutional management has a positive and significant effect on ecological conditions (β = 0.438; p < 0.001), while anthropogenic pressure exerts a dominant influence on the system, particularly on social performance (β > 1.00; p < 0.001) and sustainable economy (β = 0.388; p < 0.001). Coastal community participation was not found to be significant as a mediating variable, whereas ecological conditions act as a significant primary mediator in the relationship between exogenous variables and sustainable economy. The R-square values demonstrate strong explanatory power of the model for endogenous variables, reaching 0.952 (Y1), 1.000 (Y2), and 0.568 (Z). This study produces an integrated, adaptive, and sustainable MPA management model, positioning institutional management as the driving force, anthropogenic pressure as the main stressor, ecological conditions as the key variable, and sustainable economy as the ultimate goal. The model emphasizes that coastal economic sustainability is highly dependent on ecosystem quality, which must be effectively managed through strong governance and control of human-induced pressures. The findings highlight the importance of strengthening institutional capacity, controlling anthropogenic pressures, and protecting ecosystems to ensure successful MPA management. The proposed model can serve as a reference for policy formulation in socio-ecological-based marine conservation management at both regional and national levels.

Keywords: Marine Protected Areas, socio-ecological system, SEM-PLS, anthropogenic pressure, institutional management, sustainable economy.

Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengembangkan model pengelolaan Kawasan Konservasi Perairan (KKP) yang efektif dan berkelanjutan berbasis sistem sosio-ekologis dengan menempatkan partisipasi masyarakat pesisir sebagai variabel mediasi. Penelitian dilakukan di wilayah Kawasan perairan Angsana dan Sungai Loban  Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu, Kalimantan Selatan. Metode yang digunakan adalah pendekatan kuantitatif dengan analisis Structural Equation Modeling berbasis Partial Least Squares (SEM-PLS). Variabel yang dianalisis meliputi manajemen kelembagaan, tekanan antropogenik, partisipasi masyarakat, kondisi ekologis, dan ekonomi berkelanjutan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen kelembagaan berpengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap kondisi ekologis (β = 0,438; p < 0,001), sementara tekanan antropogenik memiliki pengaruh dominan terhadap sistem, khususnya terhadap kinerja sosial (β > 1,00; p < 0,001) dan ekonomi berkelanjutan (β = 0,388; p < 0,001). Partisipasi masyarakat pesisir tidak terbukti signifikan sebagai variabel mediasi, sedangkan kondisi ekologis berperan sebagai mediator utama yang signifikan dalam hubungan antara variabel eksogen dan ekonomi berkelanjutan. Nilai R-square menunjukkan kemampuan model yang tinggi dalam menjelaskan variabel endogen, yaitu sebesar 0,952 (Y1), 1,000 (Y2), dan 0,568 (Z). Penelitian ini menghasilkan model pengelolaan KKP yang terintegrasi, adaptif, dan berkelanjutan dengan menempatkan manajemen kelembagaan sebagai pengarah, tekanan antropogenik sebagai faktor tekanan utama, kondisi ekologis sebagai variabel kunci, dan ekonomi berkelanjutan sebagai tujuan akhir. Model ini menegaskan bahwa keberlanjutan ekonomi pesisir sangat bergantung pada kualitas ekosistem yang dikelola secara efektif melalui tata kelola yang kuat dan pengendalian tekanan manusia. Implikasi penelitian ini menunjukkan pentingnya penguatan kelembagaan, pengendalian tekanan antropogenik, serta perlindungan ekosistem dalam mendukung keberhasilan pengelolaan system konservasi perairan. Model yang dihasilkan dapat menjadi acuan dalam perumusan kebijakan pengelolaan KKP berbasis system sosial-ekologis di tingkat daerah maupun nasional.

Kata kunci: Kawasan konservasi perairan, system sosio-ekologis, SEM-PLS, tekanan antropogenik, kelembagaan, ekonomi berkelanjutan.

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Published

2026-06-28

Issue

Vol. 9 No. 3 (2026): June 2026

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