DAMPAK DARI BLOKADE GULF COOPERATION COUNCIL (GCC) TERHADAP QATAR DALAM PERSIAPAN MENJADI TUAN RUMAH PIALA DUNIA 2022
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54314/138cgc70Keywords:
Qatar, blockade, soft power, sport diplomacy, FIFA World Cup 2022Abstract
Abstract: This article examines how Qatar responded to the 2017–2021 blockade imposed by Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, Bahrain, and Egypt while preparing to host the 2022 FIFA World Cup. It uses a qualitative descriptive approach and library research, drawing on secondary sources including scholarly literature, official documents, and reputable reports. The analysis finds that Qatar combined domestic resilience measures with external diplomatic diversification. It redirected trade and aviation routes, strengthened cooperation with Turkey and Iran, and maintained strategic engagement with the United States. These measures reduced the blockade’s capacity to disrupt essential supplies and World Cup preparations. The tournament also served as a platform for public diplomacy and national branding, while the Al-Ula Declaration in January 2021 restored regional relations before the event. Qatar’s experience shows that a mega sporting event can reinforce soft power when supported by economic adaptation and diplomatic flexibility, although claims about lasting economic transformation require longer-term evaluation.
Keywords: Qatar; blockade; soft power; sports diplomacy; FIFA World Cup 2022
Abstrak: Artikel ini menganalisis cara Qatar menghadapi blokade yang diberlakukan Arab Saudi, Uni Emirat Arab, Bahrain, dan Mesir pada 2017–2021 ketika mempersiapkan diri sebagai tuan rumah Piala Dunia FIFA 2022. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif deskriptif dan studi pustaka dengan sumber sekunder berupa literatur ilmiah, dokumen resmi, serta laporan lembaga dan media tepercaya. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa Qatar menggabungkan ketahanan domestik dengan diversifikasi diplomasi eksternal. Qatar mengalihkan jalur perdagangan dan penerbangan, memperkuat kerja sama dengan Turki dan Iran, serta mempertahankan hubungan strategis dengan Amerika Serikat. Langkah tersebut mengurangi kemampuan blokade untuk mengganggu pasokan penting dan persiapan Piala Dunia. Turnamen kemudian dimanfaatkan sebagai sarana diplomasi publik dan pencitraan negara, sementara Deklarasi Al-Ula pada Januari 2021 memulihkan hubungan regional sebelum penyelenggaraan. Pengalaman Qatar memperlihatkan bahwa mega-event olahraga dapat memperkuat soft power apabila didukung adaptasi ekonomi dan keluwesan diplomatik, meskipun dampak transformasi ekonomi jangka panjang masih perlu dievaluasi.
Kata kunci: Qatar; blokade; soft power; diplomasi olahraga; Piala Dunia FIFA 2022
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Copyright (c) 2026 Zarina Zarina, Saeri Saeri, Umi Oktyari Retnaningsih (Author)
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