KESALAHAN PENERJEMAHAN PENANDA KASUS BAHASA JERMAN KE BAHASA INDONESIA: ANALISIS PERUBAHAN PERAN SEMANTIS
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54314/rkfxb388Keywords:
penanda kasus, kesalahan penerjemahan, peran semantis, linguistik kontrasif, bahasa Jerman-IndonesiaAbstract
Abstract: This study examines errors in translating German case markers into Indonesian and the resulting changes in semantic roles. It adopts a qualitative descriptive approach informed by contrastive linguistics. The data source consists of documented findings from translation research involving 48 students in a German Language Education study programme. The analysis focuses on documented case-marked constructions and their Indonesian equivalents through the identification of case forms, syntactic functions, semantic roles, and predicate–participant relations across the source and target texts. The findings reveal case-interpretation errors that exchange agent and recipient roles or reverse the agent and the target of an action. Comparative analysis shows that morphological case and semantic role do not correspond on a one-to-one basis. Nominative subjects do not always express agents, while dative phrases introduced by von can express agents in passive constructions. These findings highlight the need to interpret case marking, syntactic structure, and predicate meaning together when assessing translation accuracy. Accurate translation therefore depends on preserving semantic relations among participants through appropriate target-language structures. The findings are limited to the documented constructions and do not establish error frequencies across the entire participant group.
Keyword: case markers, translation errors, semantic roles, contrastive linguistics, German–Indonesian
Abstrak: Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kesalahan penerjemahan penanda kasus bahasa Jerman ke bahasa Indonesia dan perubahan peran semantis yang ditimbulkannya. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kualitatif dengan perspektif linguistik kontrastif. Sumber data berupa dokumentasi hasil penelitian penerjemahan yang melibatkan 48 mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Jerman. Analisis difokuskan pada konstruksi berpenanda kasus dan padanannya dalam bahasa Indonesia yang terdokumentasi, melalui identifikasi bentuk kasus, penentuan fungsi sintaksis, pemetaan peran semantis, serta perbandingan hubungan predikat–partisipan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan adanya kesalahan penafsiran kasus yang mengakibatkan pertukaran peran pelaku dan penerima serta pembalikan pelaku dan sasaran tindakan. Analisis pembanding memperlihatkan bahwa hubungan antara kasus morfologis dan peran semantis tidak bersifat satu lawan satu. Subjek nominatif tidak selalu menyatakan pelaku, sedangkan frasa datif berpreposisi von dapat mengungkapkan pelaku dalam konstruksi pasif. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa penilaian akurasi terjemahan memerlukan penafsiran terpadu terhadap penanda kasus, struktur sintaksis, dan makna predikat. Dengan demikian, ketepatan penerjemahan ditentukan oleh pemertahanan hubungan semantis antarpartisipan melalui struktur bahasa sasaran yang sesuai. Temuan terbatas pada konstruksi yang terdokumentasi dan tidak digunakan untuk menetapkan frekuensi kesalahan seluruh peserta.
Kata kunci: penanda kasus, kesalahan penerjemahan, peran semantis, linguistik kontrastif, bahasa Jerman–Indonesia.
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