PRODUKSI INSEKURITAS DALAM KERANGKA KEAMANAN MANUSIA: KETIMPANGAN STRUKTURAL DAN PERSISTENSI ANCAMAN DI AFRIKA SELATAN
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54314/jssr.v9i3.6625Keywords:
Human Security, Structural Violence, Insecurity, South AfricaAbstract
Abstract: South Africa has created a variety of legal frameworks and protection institutions but threats to personal security remain. Previous research has been on poverty, unemployment and policy effectiveness. But they haven’t adequately explained how unequal access to protection translates into insecurity. The purpose of this study is to analyse how structural inequality and unequal access to protection creates insecurity within the human security framework in South Africa. The present research employs a qualitative methodology, employing the concept of human security to analyse threats to personal security and the concept of structural violence to understand how social inequalities produce differential capacities for protection in society. The findings suggest that insecurity is not just a consequence of individual criminal acts but is structurally produced by inequalities in access to resources and protection. The findings also suggest that human security is not only a function of the existence of protective institutions, but of the distribution of access to such protection.
Keywords: Human Security, Structural Violence, Insecurity, South Africa
Abstrak: Afrika Selatan telah menciptakan berbagai kerangka hukum dan lembaga perlindungan, namun ancaman terhadap keamanan personal tetap ada. Penelitian sebelumnya berfokus pada kemiskinan, pengangguran, dan efektivitas kebijakan. Namun, penelitian-penelitian tersebut belum cukup menjelaskan bagaimana akses yang tidak merata terhadap perlindungan berujung pada ketidakamanan. Tujuan studi ini adalah menganalisis bagaimana ketidaksetaraan struktural dan akses yang tidak merata terhadap perlindungan menimbulkan ketidakamanan dalam kerangka keamanan manusia di Afrika Selatan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metodologi kualitatif, dengan memanfaatkan konsep keamanan manusia untuk menganalisis ancaman terhadap keamanan personal serta konsep kekerasan struktural untuk memahami bagaimana ketidaksetaraan sosial menghasilkan kapasitas perlindungan yang berbeda-beda di masyarakat. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ketidakamanan bukan hanya konsekuensi dari tindakan kriminal individu, melainkan dihasilkan secara struktural oleh ketidaksetaraan dalam akses terhadap sumber daya dan perlindungan. Temuan tersebut juga menunjukkan bahwa keamanan manusia tidak hanya bergantung pada keberadaan lembaga-lembaga perlindungan, tetapi juga pada distribusi akses terhadap perlindungan tersebut.
Kata kunci: Keamanan Manusia, Kekerasan Struktural, Ketidakamanan, Afrika Selatan.
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