HALAL TOURISM REGULATION IN SOUTHEAST ASIA: A MAQĀṢID AL-SHARĪ’AH-BASED EVALUATION OF INDONESIA, THAILAND, AND VIETNAM
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54314/q9t6jd97Keywords:
maqāṣid al-sharī'ah, halal tourism, halal regulation, comparative studies, Southeast AsiaAbstract
Abstract: The growth of halal tourism has encouraged Southeast Asian countries to draft halal regulations, but the suitability of its substance with sharia purposes has never been measured comparatively. This article aims to assess and compare the suitability of halal regulations related to tourism in Indonesia, Thailand, and Vietnam to maqāṣid al-sharī'ah. The research uses normative-empirical legal methods that are descriptive-comparative with legislative, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The regulation was assessed through 15 indicators in the five dimensions of ḍarūriyyāt summarized in the Maqāṣid Conformity Index (IKM), then confirmed through interviews and observations in Bangkok, Sapa, and Hanoi. The results showed that Indonesia was in the high category (73.3%), medium Vietnam (53.3%), and Thailand low (40.0%). The strengths of the three countries are concentrated in ḥifẓ al-dīn, ḥifẓ al-nafs, and ḥifẓ al-māl, while ḥifẓ al-nasl is a common loophole. These findings confirm that regulatory suitability is determined by the binding power of legal instruments and policy orientation, not by the size of the Muslim population. This article recommends strengthening the binding power of sharia tourism norms in Indonesia, binding Muslim-friendly service standards in Thailand, and expanding the scope of regulation and post-certification supervision in Vietnam.
Keywords: maqāṣid al-sharī'ah; halal tourism; halal regulation; comparative studies; Southeast Asia
Abstrak: Pertumbuhan pariwisata halal mendorong negara-negara Asia Tenggara menyusun regulasi halal, tetapi kesesuaian substansinya dengan tujuan syariah belum pernah diukur secara komparatif. Artikel ini bertujuan menilai dan membandingkan kesesuaian regulasi halal yang berkaitan dengan pariwisata di Indonesia, Thailand, dan Vietnam terhadap maqāṣid al-sharī’ah. Penelitian menggunakan metode hukum normatif-empiris yang bersifat deskriptif-komparatif dengan pendekatan perundang-undangan, konseptual, dan perbandingan. Regulasi dinilai melalui 15 indikator dalam lima dimensi ḍarūriyyāt yang dirangkum dalam Indeks Kesesuaian Maqāṣid (IKM), lalu dikonfirmasi melalui wawancara dan observasi di Bangkok, Sapa, dan Hanoi. Hasilnya menunjukkan Indonesia berada pada kategori tinggi (73,3%), Vietnam sedang (53,3%), dan Thailand rendah (40,0%). Kekuatan ketiga negara terkonsentrasi pada ḥifẓ al-dīn, ḥifẓ al-nafs, dan ḥifẓ al-māl, sedangkan ḥifẓ al-nasl menjadi celah bersama. Temuan ini menegaskan bahwa kesesuaian regulasi ditentukan oleh daya ikat instrumen hukum dan orientasi kebijakan, bukan oleh besarnya populasi Muslim. Artikel ini merekomendasikan penguatan daya ikat norma pariwisata syariah di Indonesia, standar layanan ramah Muslim yang mengikat di Thailand, serta perluasan cakupan regulasi dan pengawasan pascasertifikasi di Vietnam.
Kata kunci: maqāṣid al-sharī’ah; pariwisata halal; regulasi halal; studi komparatif; Asia Tenggara
Downloads
References
Abimanyu, A., & Faiz, I. A. (2023). ASEAN halal markets analysis: Regulatory and harmonization challenges. Global Review of Islamic Economics and Business, 11(1), 25–44. https://doi.org/10.14421/grieb.2023.111-02
Arab News. (2026, June 27). Indonesia steps up tourism campaign to become top Muslim-friendly destination. https://www.arabnews.com/node/2648775/world
Aulia, V., & Surwandono. (2024). Institutionalisation of halal policy: A case study in Thailand. Journal of Contemporary Islam and Muslim Societies, 8(1), 28–55. https://doi.org/10.30821/jcims.v8i1.19182
Bangkok Post. (2024). Govt keen to boost appeal to Muslim tourists. https://www.bangkokpost.com/business/general/2825341/govt-keen-to-boost-appeal-to-muslim-tourists
Bangladesh Monitor. (2026, July 19). Indonesia reclaims top-tier spot in Global Muslim Travel Index 2026. https://bangladeshmonitor.com.bd/en/indonesia-reclaims-top-tier-spot-in-global-muslim-travel-index-2026
Benharoon, S. Y., & Tongsongyod, S. (2025). Halal tourism in Thailand: An integrated marketing communication (IMC) perspective. Journal of Communication, Language and Culture, 5(2), 240–253. https://doi.org/10.33093/jclc.2025.5.2.14
Bộ Khoa học và Công nghệ Việt Nam. (2024). TCVN 14230:2024 Dịch vụ du lịch thân thiện với người Hồi giáo – Các yêu cầu [Muslim-friendly tourism services – Requirements]. https://thuvienphapluat.vn/TCVN/Linh-vuc-khac/TCVN-14230-2024-Dich-vu-du-lich-than-thien-voi-nguoi-Hoi-giao-Cac-yeu-cau-921665.aspx
Central Islamic Council of Thailand. (n.d.). Terms and conditions of recognition. https://www.halal.or.th/storages/manual/Terms_and_Conditions_of_Recognition_CICOT.pdf
Central Islamic Council of Thailand. (2015). Regulation of the Central Islamic Council of Thailand on the management of halal affairs B.E. 2558. https://halal.or.th/en/document/domestic/1
Central Islamic Council of Thailand. (2016). Announcement of the Central Islamic Council of Thailand No. 1 (B.E. 2559): The requirements for terms requesting the use of halal certification logo and the use of halal certification logo on the product and packaging. https://www.cicot.or.th/storages/contents/attachments/Product_and_packaging._B.E.2559._Eng.pdf
Chính phủ Việt Nam. (2026). Nghị định số 127/2026/NĐ-CP quy định về quản lý chất lượng và chính sách phát triển sản phẩm, dịch vụ Halal [Decree on quality management and policy for the development of halal products and services]. https://cdn.haiphong.gov.vn/gov-hpg/6836/tintuc/2026/4/2026_237_127_2026_nd-cp639126458849392215.pdf
Chung, L. K. (2025). Applying the Delphi and AHP methods to develop evaluation criteria for halal tourism destinations in Vietnam. International Journal of Islamic Thought, 28, 24–36. https://doi.org/10.24035/ijit.28.2025.332
Cuevas, S. V., Franco, C. A., Capistrano, R. C., & Guia, J. (2022). Exploring the potential of halal tourism through institutional analysis of halal certifiers in the Philippines. International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage, 10(2), 60–77. https://doi.org/10.21427/73k7-4855
National Sharia Council of the Indonesian Ulema Council. (2016). DSN-MUI Fatwa Number 108/DSN-MUI/X/2016 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Tourism Based on Sharia Principles. https://drive.google.com/file/d/0BxTl-lNihFyzV0dPcEdtd0kwN2M/view?resourcekey=0-ZW0VKJGV2YqoVoRC4kuszg
Haerisma, A. S., Anwar, S., & Muslim, A. (2023). Development of halal tourism destinations on Lombok Island in six features perspective of Jasser Auda's maqasid syari'ah. Afkaruna: Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Islamic Studies, 19(2), 298–316. https://doi.org/10.18196/afkaruna.v19i2.19437
Jabeen, S., Khan, N., Bhatti, S. H., Falahat, M., & Qureshi, M. I. (2025). Towards a sustainable halal tourism model: A systematic review of the integration of Islamic principles with global sustainability goals. Administrative Sciences, 15(9), 335. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci15090335
Khan, N., Falahat, M., Ullah, I., Sikandar, H., & Van, N. T. (2025). Integrating halal tourism with sustainable development goals through Islamic values, environmental responsibility and technological innovation. Discover Sustainability, 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-01503-3
Khaosod English. (2025, September 17). Thailand trains tourism staff to welcome Muslim visitors. https://www.khaosodenglish.com/tourism/2025/09/17/thailand-trains-tourism-staff-to-welcome-muslim-visitors/
Kingdom of Thailand. (1997). Administration of Islamic Organization Act B.E. 2540. Central Islamic Council of Thailand. https://www.cicot.or.th/en/about
Kurniawan, T., Islam, M. F., Gazi, M. A. I., & Hossain, M. B. (2025). Halal tourism research in Indonesian context: A bibliometric analysis. Discover Sustainability, 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-025-00959-7
Mastercard-CrescentRating. (2026). Indonesia in the GMTI 2026. CrescentRating. https://crescentrating.com/insights/gmti/destinations/indonesia
Misbah, H., & Johari, F. (2024). A bibliometric analysis of halal tourism research: Indonesia and Malaysia. Asian Journal of Islamic Management, 6(2), 140–158. https://doi.org/10.20885/AJIM.vol6.iss2.art5
Musthofa, B. M., Pranita, D., Rasul, M. S., & Haidlir, B. M. (2023). Institutional dynamics of halal tourism development in Indonesia and Malaysia. Journal of ASEAN Studies, 11(1), 89–110. https://doi.org/10.21512/jas.v11i1.9431
National Bureau of Agricultural Commodity and Food Standards. (2025). Thai Agricultural Standard TAS 8400-2025: Halal food. Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. https://www.halal.or.th/storages/documents/manage/222_157.pdf
Nguyen, M. T., & Wahyudin, U. (2026). Halal tourism in Indonesia: Experiences and recommendations for Vietnam. Dong Thap University Journal of Science – Social Sciences and Humanities Issue, 15(7), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.52714/dthu.sch.2751.1815
Regulation of the Minister of Tourism and Creative Economy of the Republic of Indonesia Number 2 of 2014 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Sharia Hotel Business. (2014). https://pasal.id/peraturan/permen/permenparekraf-no-2-tahun-2014
Regulation of the Minister of Tourism of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2016 concerning the Revocation of the Regulation of the Minister of Tourism and Creative Economy Number 2 of 2014 concerning Guidelines for the Implementation of Sharia Hotel Business. (2016). State Gazette of the Republic of Indonesia Number 1174 of 2016. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/170957/permenpar-no-11-tahun-2016
Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 42 of 2024 concerning the Implementation of the Halal Product Assurance Sector. (2024). Statute Book of the Republic of Indonesia Number 229 of 2024. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/304896/pp-no-42-tahun-2024
Phan, N. Q., Huynh, T. T., & Phu, H. (2026). Muslim-friendly tourism associated with sustainable development in Vietnam. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Culture and Humanity in the Era of Rising and Integration (ICDHV 2025) (pp. 90–104). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-38476-539-3_8
Ramadhani, S. A., Dewi, N. L. S., Pusporini, R. N., & Abiyyu, M. F. (2024). Implementation of halal tourism in Thailand Muslim Friendly Application in Thailand. CREATOUR (Creative Economy and Tourism) Journal, 1(1), 56–68. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.creatour.2024.1.1.12071
Rohmatika, F. A., Ridho, Z., Dzulpikar, M. M., Sutopo, J., Mujtaba, Z. A., & Kurniawan, A. N. (2026). Integrating maqasid syariah into sustainable halal tourism in Southeast Asia: A systematic literature review. Journal of Tourism Nusantara (JUWITA), 5(1), 1–20. https://doi.org/10.20414/juwita.v5i1.15369
Ruhaeni, N., Yusdiansyah, E., & Aqimuddin, E. A. (2024). Revisiting Indonesia halal tourism policy in light of GATS. Journal of International Trade Law and Policy, 23(2/3), 154–167. https://doi.org/10.1108/JITLP-12-2023-0064
Santoso, L., Triyanta, A., & Thontowi, J. (2022). Halal tourism regulations in Indonesia: Trends and dynamics in the digital era. Ijtihad: Journal of Islamic Law and Humanitarian Discourse, 22(1), 73–94. https://doi.org/10.18326/ijtihad.v22i1.73-94
Suaidi, S., Anjum, R., Nasrudin, M., Maksum, M., & Astuti, S. D. (2025). Halal food development in Bali: Dynamics of Muslim beliefs, state regulations, and local culture. Al-Ahkam, 35(1), 147–178. https://doi.org/10.21580/ahkam.2025.35.1.25732
Suharko, S., Khoiriati, S. D., Krisnajaya, I. M., & Dinarto, D. (2018). Institutional conformance of halal certification organisation in halal tourism industry: The cases of Indonesia and Thailand. Tourism: An International Interdisciplinary Journal, 66(3), 334–348. https://hrcak.srce.hr/en/206165
al-Syāṭibī, I. (1997). Al-Muwāfaqāt (Vol. 2; M. H. Āl Salmān, ed.). Dār Ibn 'Affān. https://shamela.ws/book/11435 (Original work written in the 14th century)
Thủ tướng Chính phủ Việt Nam. (2023). Quyết định số 10/QĐ-TTg ngày 14/02/2023 phê duyệt Đề án "Tăng cường hợp tác quốc tế để xây dựng và phát triển ngành Halal Việt Nam đến năm 2030" [Decree on the Project on Strengthening International Cooperation to Build and Develop Vietnam's Halal Industry until 2030].
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism. (2009). Statute Book of the Republic of Indonesia Number 11 of 2009. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/38598/uu-no-10-tahun-2009
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 18 of 2025 concerning the Third Amendment to Law Number 10 of 2009 concerning Tourism. (2025). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/334481
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 33 of 2014 concerning Halal Product Assurance. (2014). https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/38709/uu-no-33-tahun-2014
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 6 of 2023 concerning the Stipulation of Government Regulations in Lieu of Law Number 2 of 2022 concerning Job Creation into Law. (2023). Statute Book of the Republic of Indonesia Number 41 of 2023. https://peraturan.bpk.go.id/Details/246523
Unsiyah, N., Nasik, K., Musadad, A., & Nahidloh, S. (2026). Halal tourism development model based on sharia maqashid: Perspectives of Islamic law and Indonesian tourism policy regulation. USM Law Review, 9(2), 1087–1106. https://doi.org/10.26623/julr.v9i2.13635
Wajdi, F., Dardin, R. F., Salamah, U., Daulay, M. N., & Kholidah. (2026). Halal tourism policy in the contemporary era: A maqāṣid al-sharī'ah perspective on regulatory gaps. MILRev: Metro Islamic Law Review, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.32332/milrev.v5i1.12529
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 Gatot Teguh Arifyanto, Syahrial Arif Hutagalung, Muslim Marpaung, Irma Suryani Lubis, Dita Kartika Sari Hasibuan, Poppy Wulandari (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
