KERENTANAN PETANI TAMBAK TERHADAP PERUBAHAN IKLIM DAN MASALAH SOSIAL YANG DITIMBULKAN DI KECAMATAN LANRISANG KABUPATEN PINRANG
Abstract
Abstract: Climate change is a global challenge that has created vulnerabilities for coastal communities, not least for eco-farming pond farmers in Pinrang Regency who are highly dependent on environmental conditions. This research aims to explain the forms of vulnerability experienced by the community of pond farmers in Lanrisang District. Through participant observation research in three villages in Lanrisang, we conducted in-depth interviews with a number of pond farming households which we present ethnographically by looking at three components of vulnerability: exposure, sensitivity and resilience. We found that climate change has led to a 0.5C-1C increase in average annual temperature as well as irregular rainfall patterns. These conditions have resulted in declining pond water quality, which is characterized by changes in salinity, pH, and DO that are not ideal for shrimp and milkfish growth so that posing a risk of failed harvest. In addition, we also found that there are emerging social issues such as competition and theft practices that could pose a security risk. This can reduce income and threaten the productivity of aquaculture. Pond farmers respond to these challenges by finding side jobs or opening businesses, leasing ponds, and converting ponds into agricultural land. We recommend community empowerment policies that focus more on climate resilience and pond farmers' welfare.
Keywords: vulnerability;pond;climate change;social problems.
Abstrak: Perubahan iklim merupakan tantangan global yang telah menimbulkan kerentanan bagi komunitas pesisir, tidak terkecuali bagi petani tambak eco-farming di Kabupaten Pinrang yang sangat bergantung pada kondisi alam. Penelitian untuk bertujuan untuk menjelaskan bentuk kerentanan yang dialami oleh komunitas petani tambak di Kecamatan Lanrisang. Melalui penelitian observasi partisipan di tiga desa/ kelurahan di Lanrisang, kami melakukan wawancara mendalam terhadap sejumlah rumah tangga petani tambak yang kami sajikan secara etnografis dengan melihat tiga komponen kerentanan yaitu paparan (exposure), sensitivitas (sensitivity), dan ketahanan (resilience). Kami menemukan bahwa perubahan iklim telah menyebabkan peningkatan suhu rata-rata tahunan sebesar 0,5C-1C serta pola curah hujan yang tidak teratur. Kondisi ini mengakibatkan kualitas perairan tambak menurun yang ditandai dengan perubahan salinitas, pH, dan DO yang tidak ideal bagi pertumbuhan udang dan bandeng sehingga menimbulkan risiko gagal panen. Selain itu, kami juga menemukan adanya masalah sosial yang muncul seperti persaingan dan praktik pencurian yang dapat menimbulkan risiko keamanan. Hal ini dapat menurunkan pendapatan dan mengancam produktivitas budidaya tambak. Para petani tambak merespon untuk menghadapi berbagai tantangan tersebut dengan mencari pekerjaan sampingan atau membuka usaha, melakukan sistem sewa tambak, dan melakukan alih fungsi lahan tambak menjadi lahan pertanian. Kami merekomendasikan kebijakan pemberdayaan masyarakat yang lebih berfokus pada ketahanan iklim dan kesejahteraan petani tambak.
Kata kunci: kerentanan;tambak;perubahan iklim; masalah sosial.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.54314/jssr.v8i2.3007
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