RANTAI NILAI DAN KEADILAN EKONOMI DALAM KOMODITAS PERIKANAN LOKAL: SINTESIS GLOBAL DAN PEMBELAJARAN UNTUK INDONESIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54314/27bv0d45Keywords:
Economic Justice; Governance; Indonesia; Small-Scale Fisheries; Value ChainAbstract
Abstract: The fisheries value chain plays a crucial role in determining the distribution of economic benefits and the welfare of coastal communities. However, global studies consistently reveal that small-scale fishers—the primary producers—receive a disproportionately low share of the total value generated within seafood markets. This review analyzes 20 international publications (2021–2025) addressing the intersection of value chains, economic justice, and fisheries governance. A thematic synthesis approach was employed, comparing global contexts (Latin America, Africa, Southeast Asia) with Indonesia. The findings show that economic justice is influenced not only by market mechanisms but also by social, institutional, and policy factors. The Indonesian case highlights persistent value inequalities caused by unbalanced market structures, weak social protection, and limited local participation. The article concludes with recommendations for governance reforms emphasizing access rights, representation, and redistributive mechanisms to build fair and sustainable fisheries systems.
Keyword: economic justice; governance; Indonesia; small-scale fisheries; value chain
Abstrak: Rantai nilai perikanan memainkan peran penting dalam menentukan distribusi nilai ekonomi dan kesejahteraan masyarakat pesisir. Namun, berbagai studi global menunjukkan bahwa nelayan kecil sebagai produsen utama seringkali menerima bagian nilai ekonomi yang sangat kecil dibandingkan pelaku di tingkat hilir. Artikel ini merupakan tinjauan sistematis terhadap 20 publikasi ilmiah internasional (2021–2025) yang membahas hubungan antara rantai nilai, keadilan ekonomi, dan tata kelola perikanan. Analisis dilakukan melalui pendekatan sintesis tematik dengan membandingkan konteks global (Amerika Latin, Afrika, Asia Tenggara) dan Indonesia. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa keadilan ekonomi tidak hanya dipengaruhi oleh mekanisme pasar, tetapi juga oleh faktor sosial, kelembagaan, dan kebijakan. Kasus Indonesia memperlihatkan bahwa perikanan lokal masih menghadapi ketimpangan nilai akibat struktur pasar yang tidak seimbang, lemahnya perlindungan sosial, dan minimnya partisipasi lokal. Artikel ini merekomendasikan reformasi tata kelola yang berfokus pada hak akses, representasi, serta redistribusi nilai ekonomi bagi nelayan kecil menuju sistem perikanan yang adil dan berkelanjutan.
Kata kunci: Indonesia; keadilan ekonomi; perikanan skala kecil; rantai nilai; tata kelola
Downloads
References
Allison, E. H., Ratner, B. D., Åsgård, B., Willmann, R., Pomeroy, R., & Kurien, J. (2020). Rights-based fisheries governance: From fishing rights to human rights. Fish and Fisheries, 21(3), 654–670.
Arthur, R., et al. (2022). Small-scale fisheries and local food systems: Drivers of change and justice implications. Fish and Fisheries, 23(5), 1023–1038.
Basurto, X., et al. (2025). Illuminating multidimensional contributions of small-scale fisheries to food systems and implications for justice. Nature Food, 6(2), 87–98.
Berkes, F., Folke, C., & Colding, J. (2018). Navigating social–ecological systems: Building resilience for complexity and change. Cambridge University Press.
Chambon, M., et al. (2023). Women’s participation in small-scale fisheries value chains. Fish and Fisheries, 24(1), 231–248.
Cohen, P. J., et al. (2023). Blue justice for small-scale fisheries in the global south. Marine Policy, 149, 105678.
Estévez, R., et al. (2021). Procedural justice in Chilean benthic fisheries co-management. Marine Policy, 132, 104672.
Gereffi, G., Humphrey, J., & Sturgeon, T. (2005). The governance of global value chains. Review of International Political Economy, 12(1), 78–104.
Hicks, C., et al. (2022). Rights and representation in global aquatic food systems. Fish and Fisheries, 23(2), 445–459.
Jentoft, S., & Chuenpagdee, R. (2015). Interactive governance for small-scale fisheries: Global reflections. Springer.
Jentoft, S., et al. (2022). Interactive learning and governance transformation for social justice in fisheries. Maritime Studies, 21(3), 321–338.
Kementerian Kelautan dan Perikanan (KKP). (2024). Laporan Statistik Perikanan Tangkap dan Ekonomi Biru Berkeadilan 2023. Jakarta: KKP RI.
Phelan, A., et al. (2023). Small-scale fisheries and value chain analysis: An Indonesian case. Marine Policy, 146, 105614.
Pradhan, S., et al. (2022). Dried fish value chains and wellbeing. Fish and Fisheries, 23(4), 763–777.
Rawls, J. (1971). A theory of justice. Harvard University Press.
Sen, A. (2009). The idea of justice. Harvard University Press.
Subramaniam, R., et al. (2023). Socio-ecological resilience in seafood supply chains. Fish and Fisheries, 24(2), 410–425.
Tabe-Ojong, M., et al. (2025). Social protection and aquatic food systems: Links to blue economy. Nature Food, 6(3), 122–134.
Vandergeest, P. (2025). Labour justice in seafood supply chains. Maritime Studies, 22(1), 25–43.
Villasante, S., et al. (2022). Social-ecological traps in small-scale fisheries. Fish and Fisheries, 23(3), 512–528.
Wiranthi, P. E., et al. (2024). Multi-tier captive relations in the global tuna value chain: Fair Trade case studies. Marine Policy, 150, 105721.
